The Public Health Model and Contemporary Practice in the Prevention of Aggression Free Essay Example, 3750 words

These are measures that are undertaken to stop violent behaviour as soon as it is understood that it is about to happen. At the time things might happen too fast and result in injuries if the necessary action is not taken in an equal swiftness. This is why it is usually important to capitalize on primary prevention which is easier and less risky. Communication with aggressive patients in order for them to cool down is necessary as a de-escalation procedure. However, there should be a framework of approaching such a situation (Kemshall and Pritchard 1999 pp. 56-57). The health care professionals should be trained and knowledgeable on how to assess the possibility of physical confrontation. This is because verbal de-escalation that may be misunderstood by the patient can result in worsening of the situation. The nurses should be trained on practical approaches in order to deal effectively with such a situation. They should be able to understand the possible stimulus that can lead to v iolence and injury. The use of verbal de-escalation by the author only aggravated the situation with Ms Perkins shouting even louder. We will write a custom essay sample on The Public Health Model and Contemporary Practice in the Prevention of Aggression or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

7th Grade Math Course of Study

The following list provides you with the basic 7th grade math  concepts that should be attained by the end of the school year. Mastery of the concepts at the previous grade is assumed. A standard seventh grade course of study includes numbers, measurements, geometry, algebra, and probability. Heres a breakdown of the specific topics. Numbers Give factors, multiples, integer amounts and square roots for numbers.Compare and order decimals, fractions and integers.Add and subtract integers.Be able to perform multi-step word problems for all of the above operations.Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions and convert between fractions, decimals and percents.Explain and justify a variety of procedures for the above related concepts in problem solving. Measurements Use measurement terms appropriately, be able to measure a variety of items at home and at school.Be able to solve more complex problems with measurement estimations an problems using a variety of formulas.Estimate and calculate areas for trapezoids, parallelograms, triangles, prisms circles using the correct formulas.Estimate and calculate volumes for prisms, sketch prisms (rectangular) given the volumes. Geometry Hypothesize, sketch, identify, sort, classify, construct, measure, and apply a variety of geometric shapes and figures and problems.Sketch and construct a variety of shapes given the dimensions.Create and solve a variety of geometric problems.Analyze and identify shapes that have been rotated, reflected, translated and describe those that are congruent.Determine if shapes/figures will tile a plane (tessellate).Analyze different types of tiling patterns. Algebra/Patterning Extend, analyze and justify the explanations for patterns and their rules and a more complex levelBe able to write algebraic equations/expressions and write statements to understand simple formulas.Evaluate a variety of simple linear algebraic expressions at a beginning level-- 1 variable and first-degree.Be able to solve and simplify algebraic equations with the 4 operations.Substitute natural numbers for variables when solving algebraic equations. Probability Design surveys, collect and organize more complex data and identify and explain patterns and trends in data.Construct a variety of graphs and label them appropriately and state the difference between selecting one graph over another.Defend your choices of graphs.Make more accurate predictions based on data.Understand the importance of statistics on decision making and provide real life scenarios.Describe collected data in terms of mean, median and the mode and be able to analyze any bias.Make inferences, predictions and evaluations based on interpretations of data collection results.Be able to predict possible outcomes based on background information.Apply the rules of probability to games of chance and sports. Course Topics for All Grades Pre-K Kdg. Gr. 1 Gr. 2 Gr. 3 Gr. 4 Gr. 5 Gr. 6 Gr. 7 Gr. 8 Gr. 9 Gr. 10 Gr.11 Gr. 12

Gender Roles Have Plagued Our Society - 919 Words

Gender roles have plagued our society for centuries. Women have always been expected to cook, clean, and take care of children, while men provided for the family. In the past few decades these stereotypes have supposedly diminished, and women are now supposed to be equal to men. However, this is not the case. Gender roles, and stereotypes still perpetuate our society today, and create an environment suitable solely for men, while women continue to suffer the consequences of these gender roles society has implicated. Gender roles are in my mind defined as certain tasks, jobs, or other factors that only a man, or only a woman are able to do. The article â€Å"Gender stereotypes hindering women in the workplace† goes in depth when describing how it is not even factors such as childrearing that keep women out of top positions in companies, but rather the fact that people still believe women are inferior to men. This keeps women from being able to achieve the same ambitions that men have, simply because they are a woman. Even women who are in top executive positions within companies, only 7% of those women have roles pertaining directly to a company’s profits. To me this shows that these men that control these companies, feel we are inferior, and not capable of controlling any aspect of profits, that we are somehow lesser than them. The article â€Å"Saudi’s in Bikini’s† goes into this gender stereotype as well, portraying how Saudi women are oppressed by men in the ir society. The authorShow MoreRelatedBerdache961 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishing gender covenants. In comparing Warfare, homosexuality, gender status among native American Indian men in the southwest by Gutierrez and I know what I am by Valentine one is struck by the apparent differences that both authors have on multiple levels despite their agreement on gender identity as a product of society and culture. Through discrepancies in tone and evidence selection light can be shed on these aforementioned points of contestation. Gutierrez’s main point of: â€Å"Gender isRead MoreSocial Stratification And Its Impact On Society758 Words   |  4 Pagesis described as the hierarchy order of people within a society. (Macionis, 2004, p.186). Every society has a system in which it functions. Society is usually classified in two forms of systems, the closed system known as castle system or open systems known as class systems. In a castle system individuals are classified from birth and there is limited social mobility to move up or down social categories. In the class system, individuals have social status from birth and personal achievements. DavisRead MoreMy Own Individual Troubles Of The United States Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pages The United States has been plagued with many troubling issues, and this year, 2016, has only seemed to extrapolate these issues. From the exponential growth of economic inequality, to the structural avenues of privilege and hindrance imbedded in our country, these issues are only seeming to grow, not jus t in numbers, but also in severity. Unfortunately, 2017’s future does not look much better. With Donald Trump becoming our president elect, who knows what could happen when he steps into officeRead MoreSame Love And How It Changed The Hearts Of Society Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesSame Love and How it Changed the Hearts of Society I personally like the artists Macklemore and Ryan Lewis and the songs that they create. Their songs have a way of diving into important matters that the rest of society try to avoid. I am not gay, but I had a friend that was and this song closely resembles what he went through. The song also tells the story of a gay couple and the struggles they had and not just the problems around the subject of being gay. â€Å"No one disputes that biological differenceRead MoreA Specific Culture Of Leadership938 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific culture is driven by collectivism or individualism are also to be considered within that culture of leadership (Barrett, 2014). Understanding these concepts drives how we lead, do business, and communicate with others within the melting pot of our own country and people of foreign lands. Culture shapes the leader’s ideals, personality traits, work values, and to a point, determines the pattern of leadership towards a specific culture (Wibbeke, 2014) . It is by knowing other cultures that allowsRead MoreSexism In Macbeth1547 Words   |  7 PagesSexism in Macbeth Throughout history women have been viewed as the â€Å"weaker sex† and are constantly being denied their rights. Women have always been told that they are physically and intelligently inferior to men. In Greek mythology, Pandora, a woman, opens the forbidden box that brings plagues and unhappiness to mankind. When analyzing Greek and Roman tales women are almost always the leading source of evil and temptation. Not to long ago, a woman’s job was to strictly stay home with her childrenRead MoreSexuality And Its Effect On Society1306 Words   |  6 PagesWe human beings are a melting pot of ingredients and spices that blend to define our essence as individuals. One such component that adds a definitive flavor to our respective recipes is sexuality. The basis in which the term sexuality is defined can appear deceptively simplistic. By a general definition, sexuality is a person’s sexual orientation or preference. Reality, however, has its sly way of skewing the fun damental meaning of human sexuality into a continuum, a spectrum rather, which encompassesRead MoreWomen s Role Model Of Women1373 Words   |  6 PagesEuripides, Medea, the protagonist is more than just the main character. She has become an ageless figure of feminine revolution. Although, we should recognize that Euripides doesn’t give the perfect role model of a woman, he just shows the complications that women have. He gives us real women, who have suffered and become twisted by their suffering. Medea serves as a model for the women betrayed, to the sacrifices of personal power to another for love, of marriage corrupted. Other women in the storyRead MoreSexism And Its Impact On Society1046 Words   |  5 Pageslong way in the getting rid of sexist views , even in today’s modern society , sexism prevails. In Mythology, Romans thought women were â€Å" secondary to men,† who brought upon â€Å"unhappiness and vices† like in the tale of Pandora.(Mark4) The Roman family was â€Å"male-dominated† meaning most decisions were carried out by â€Å"most senior male figure â€Å" (Mark 4) Women were expected to play their â€Å" perceived role in society† - such as â€Å"..looking out after the home and nurture a family† (MarkRead MoreWomen s Rights : Women Of Color Organize For Reproductive Justice By Jael Silliman1326 Words   |  6 PagesSince the dawn of American culture, women have been oppressed. Due to inequalities in the hierarchy of social power, women have been targeted for discrimination. However, women have not sat quietly and let the â€Å"man† dictate their lives. Through movement raised through women of all cultures, change has come to all American women. Racism, homophobia and classism created hardships for the American women who rebled through reproductive justice organizations, anarcho-syndicalism, and embracement of their

Operations Management Sustainability and Supply Chain

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Sustainability and Supply Chain. Answer: Introduction Revenue management within the hospitality industry is considered among the vital concepts that are responsible for business success (Wang and Brennan 2014). For this reason, revenue management strategies are necessary to be applied to industry business. Revenue management exists in the hospitality industry that intends to promote successful revenue management strategies, which will lead to considerable revenue increase. The objective of the report is to evaluate the revenue management practices of a restaurant Gingerboy and explain the revenue management theory or strategies implemented by the restaurant. Description will also be provided on the restaurants direct competitors and their effect on demand elasticity and its strategies of revenue management. Description of the business and its competitors Ginger boy is one of the iconic Melbourne restaurants popular for its funky decorations, Asian-inspired dishes as well as hip laneway location (Ginger boy Fine Dining Melbourne 2016). This particular restaurant serves creative street food based around plates for sharing. They have experienced chefs namely Teage Ezard and Chris Donnellan. They aim at taking unique as well as bold approach for delicious food of the region. Ginger boy Streetwise is famous hawker-styled food meeting the best interest of the customers. They present in fine Australian with an idiosyncratic Asian twist for the same (Ginger boy Fine Dining Melbourne 2016). Dining experience of Ginger boy mainly focus on modern Australian adaptation especially of the Asian hawker-style street market food (Walker and Walker 2012). This particular Melbourne restaurant is fast-paced, dynamic environment as well as youthful influencing over dining culture of Southeast Asia. However, in that case Asian marketplaces revolve around having Asian sense of color and fun. Ginger boy has sales turnover of over 150 million per year and employees over 1500 in more than 12 cities. Menus at Ginger boy Menus are written in accordance with season. Major approach of Ginger boy revolves colder months like braising, steaming and cooking curries in clay pots with deep flavors. This particular restaurant uses each ingredient that will come with flavor, appearance as well as color and quality. This particular approach used by the restaurant comes as a philosophy in delivering great dishes to the potential customers (Sloan, Legrand and Chen 2013). Ginger boy has unique business model pertaining in the hospitality industry. This particular restaurant has high reputation in Melbourne CBD that aims in providing high quality food and services in meeting the customer expectation. Competitors Ginger boy major competitor is Red Spice Road. Red Spice Road based in Melbourne and has customer limits conditions. They hold customer membership programs affecting elasticity of demand (Ginger boy Fine Dining Melbourne 2016). There are various factors affecting significant change in revenue as well as managing demand of Ginger boy and Red Spice Road. Products and services of the restaurant are served to the potential customers for retaining in the global marketplace. It is necessary for Ginger boy in minimizing the weakness and produces products with the change in tastes, preferences as well as attitudes and behaviors (Kang, Lee and Yoo 2016). Ginger boy has made strategies so that they can occupy the topmost position in the upcoming financial years. It is for this reason why Ginger boy has funky and unique dcor for attracting the potential customers. Peak times usually are during the festivals and summers. People mostly show interest in visiting Ginger boy restaurant because of warm welcome by the staff members working at that place (Ginger boy Fine Dining Melbourne 2016). This restaurant puts proper emphasis in retaining its existing customers, as it is cost-effective in comparison with new customers. Existing customers should be given top-priority because if they like the food, place, they will recommend to their family and friends. This will overall be beneficial for the generation of profits for Ginger boy. This study majorly brings out the major importance of conducting revenue and yield management analysis at Ginger boy. Every restaurant aims at profit maximization with cost minimization and minimum usage of availab le financial resources at the same time (Ginger boy Fine Dining Melbourne 2016). Yield and Revenue Management Factors The crucial elements in the yield and revenue management strategy that can boost the revenues of the restaurant Ginger Boy can be associated to the length of the time the guests expend their time at the dinner table of the restaurant. However, the Witch of the West mentions about the way the time spent by the guests at the dinner table of the restaurant can be increased (Line and Runyan 2012). The revenue management of the company can take into account the capacity of the restaurant, expected demand and the appropriate cost and pricing framework for the restaurant Ginger Boy. The comparatively fixed capacity of the restaurants can be assessed for the restaurant business Ginger Boy in the Melbourne CBD. The assessment of the capacity of the restaurant can be carried out by taking into consideration the seating arrangement, size of the kitchen, menu items and the levels of staffing (Tranter 2012). The management of Ginger Boy can also consider optimization of the revenue of the busines s concern by filling the available seats and turning the dining tables as fast as possible. However, the capacity of the restaurant can be restrained by the kitchen and the design of the menu of the restaurant or else by the potential of the members of the staff of the organization (Ogut and Onur TaÃ…Å ¸ 2012). The Seating capacity of the restaurant Ginger Boy is also relatively constant over a specific period and needs to have the flexibility to crowd a dining table with additional seat when required (Zhang and Bell 2012). The review the revenue management of Ginger Boy reveals the fact that the additional capacity of the restaurant in the form of the tables as well as seats might possibly be lower than many other businesses that make use of the revenue management. The addition of the capacity of the kitchen of the business concern Ginger Boy can be considered more expensive than the strategy of adding additional tables. The assessment of the revenue and yield management of the Ginger Boy also reveals the fact that the output of the kitchen can be increased by altering the design of the menu and by increasing the members of the staff in order to ensure that greater quantity of food can be prepared. The revenue management can also be increased by adding the members of the staff by decreasing the duration of the meal but the limitations of the capacity of the kitchen of restaurant business might perhaps make the alterations unproductive. Therefore, in order to ensure better utilization of the capacity of the restaurant, the operators of the business need to tweak the existant capacity that essentially remains fixed (Zhang and Bell 2012). Another factor of the revenue management of a restaurant like Ginger Boy is the predictability of the demand. The operators of the business need to forecast the demand for the products and services of the corporation in order to manage the revenue by compiling information such as the percentage of reservation, walk-in as we ll dining time of the guests. Another factor of the revenue management that can be taken into consideration is the suitable structure of the cost as well pricing framework (Tranter 2012). The restaurant Ginger Boy like many other restaurants has comparatively high fixed costs and lower variable cost. Therefore, the restaurants need to generate higher levels of revenue in order to cover the variable costs incurred by the firm (Tranter 2012). Descriptions Tools of yield management used by Ginger Boy: Revenue management: Ginger boy usually connects the revenue management by providing discounts but it should be noted that discounts is only a part of revenue administration. When Ginger Boy uses this tool of revenue management the managers of the restaurant thinks beyond the happy hours and they develop methods in order to offer differential prices, which makes sense for degree of demand, generated at given period. Ginger Boy on few of the occasions uses price fencing in order to provide discounts on that inventory, which the restaurants thinks that it might not be sold off (Kimes 2013). While on the other hand, with the implementation of strategy it prohibits customers who were going to buy anyway perhaps now taking advantage of the discounts, which they did not initially seek. The process of fencing implied by Ginger Boy consists of set of rules as long as they make sense to the customers. In contrast Ginger Boy offers menu prices which are similar to those of the other restaurants regardless of the customers demand characteristics. Perhaps the question which Ginger Boy is currently dealing with is the whether the restaurant could implement some pricing strategies to attract differential customers in busy times. For example, it offers special prices for those customers, which are frequent in dinner clubs. The restaurants on the other hand use the demand management program, which is based on the part-time customers on sensitive pricing strategies (Heizer et al. 2016). Restaurant operators take into the considerations by following the attributes of developing price fences for physical characteristics such as table location, party size and the amenities. While on the other hand, it also consists of the intangible rate fences, which includes the group of membe rs at the time of meal or reservation for party. Ginger boy does not favors the notion of charging high prices from its customers but makes the use of informal differential pricing procedure which is followed in many of the restaurants in order to attract more customers. It should be noted that using the method of revenue management and fencing procedure for the purpose of intangible rate fencing in order to shift the demand from busy time to slow periods in order to attract more customers. By undertaking the procedure of fencing the restaurants aims to reward its regular and dependable customers so that it can schedule the highest margin, business during the busiest times (Ivanov 2014). The tools used by the restaurant for yield management helps in meeting the excess demand in most of the restaurants in the markets. Managers of Ginger Boy in most of the occasion offer discounted prices to the customers in order to fill up the empty seats during the slow hours. However, the ultimate aim of adopting the revenue management is to determine that the discounts should fit with the overall strategy of the Ginger Boy. As long as the managers cover the variable cost of the meals, the tools are considered as profitable for the restaurants. Relevant Strategies Not Employed By Ginger boy Ginger boy restaurant have efficiently realized the demand fluctuation and accordingly have applied certain effective revenue management strategies that will increase overall revenue of the restaurant during the peak time as well as in the lean time (Wang 2012). Though Ginger boy has implemented several effective revenue management strategies that have resulted in its business success, there exist certain relevant revenue management strategies those are not yet employed by the restaurant. Few strategies if employed by the restaurant can offer the business with increasing revenues, which are mentioned below: Ginger boy can employ segment customer strategy through employing rate fences. The resultant is observed to have some price sensitive consumers those have fixed income and have a family with children (Wang and Brennan 2014). This consumer group intends to alter their dining time to obtain discounts. Ginger boy experiences high sales during weekends and for this reason, it can use rate fence to convince consumers to visit their restaurant on weekdays to attain lower prices for their food and services (Guo et al. 2013). Duration management strategy can also be implemented by Ginger boy restaurant. It is observed that consumers tend to have their lunch or dinner for longer time. On weekends, the restaurant has full capacity that facilitates it to achieve high revenue (Guo et al. 2013). For this reason, the restaurant requires to decrease time for which consumers occupy seats. For being this strategy to be effective, Gingerboy requires modifying the definition of the meal consumption duration of the consumers, decrease arrival uncertainty, limit uncertainty related with the duration an decrease the amount of time spend on each consumer meals (Ferguson and Smith 2014). This strategy is expected to increase the revenue of the restaurant. Conclusion The report had considered Ginger boy restaurant located in Melbourne CBD as a case study in order to evaluate the relevance of revenue management. In addition, the evaluation has facilitated the understanding of the restaurants business operation in consideration to revenue management aspect, associated theory and the capability to recognize where and how the restaurant has implemented desirable revenue management strategy for revenue maximization. The paper also explained certain important revenue management strategy that if employed by Ginger boy restaurant can facilitate the company to increase its revenue and become highly capable to offer adequate demands of the market. Reference list: Ferguson, M. and Smith, S., 2014. The changing landscape of hotel revenue management and the role of the hotel revenue manager.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,13(3), pp.224-232. Gingerboy Fine Dining Melbourne. (2016).Gingerboy. [online] Available at: https://www.gingerboy.com.au [Accessed 27 Aug. 2016]. Guo, X., Ling, L., Yang, C., Li, Z. and Liang, L., 2013. Optimal pricing strategy based on market segmentation for service products using online reservation systems: An application to hotel rooms.International Journal of Hospitality Management,3(5), pp.274-281. Heizer, J., Render, B. and Munson, C., 2016.Principles of operations management: sustainability and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Ivanov, S., 2014.Hotel revenue management: from theory to practice. Zangador. Kang, K.H., Lee, S. and Yoo, C., 2016. The effect of national culture on corporate social responsibility in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(8). Kimes, S.E. and Beard, J., 2013. The future of restaurant revenue management.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,12(5), pp.464-469. Kimes, S.E., 2013. Revenue management: Advanced strategies and tools to enhance firm profitability. Line, N.D. and Runyan, R.C., 2012. Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), pp.477-488. ÄÅ ¸t, H. and Onur TaÃ…Å ¸, B.K., 2012. The influence of internet customer reviews on the online sales and prices in hotel industry.The Service Industries Journal,32(2), pp.197-214. Sloan, P., Legrand, W. and Chen, J.S., 2013. Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry 2nd Ed: Principles of Sustainable Operations. Routledge. Tranter, K.A., 2012.An introduction to revenue management for the hospitality industry: principles and practices for the real world. Pearson Education India. Walker, J.R. and Walker, J.T., 2012. Introduction to hospitality management. Pearson Higher Ed. Wang, X.L. and Brennan, R., 2014. A framework for key account management and revenue management integration.Industrial Marketing Management,43(7), pp.1172-1181. Wang, X.L., 2012. Relationship or revenue: Potential management conflicts between customer relationship management and hotel revenue management.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), pp.864-874. Zhang, M. and Bell, P., 2012. Price fencing in the practice of revenue management: An overview and taxonomy.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,11(2), pp.146-159.

Chronic Illness And Disease Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Chronic Illness And Disease Management. Answer: Introduction The current topic focuses on the aspect of chronic condition and disease management in the ones suffering from acute stages of illness. In this respect, health promotion strategies could be implemented in order to provide the support user with better self-managerial skills. The chronic condition management requires that sufficient amount of education be provided to the patients regarding management of lifestyles and habits. The pattern of lifestyle adopted by an individual has sufficient impact upon the present health conditions of an individual. The assignment further focuses upon the importance of implementing of a person centred approach along with the policy of making informed choices. The person centred approach provides sufficient autonomy to the health care and support service users. Additionally, involvement of the family members of the patient helps in the addressing the policy of informed decision making. The assignment also focuses upon the impact of management of symptoms of the chronic disease by providing the patient with sufficient health education. Overview of chosen clients health condition The current study focuses on the chronic illness suffered by a 62-year-old man Mr George Polaris. He was admitted to the hospital with breath shortness, fever, and cough. Originally, he was treated and given medication for chronic chest infection. However, conducting a series of test and exams confirmed that George was a patient of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and had a long history of Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). Though, stable enough George had been long complaining of shortness of a breath and persistent cough to his registered nurse and GP. On further inquiry, George reported that he had been a chain smoker ever since 14 years of age. Reportedly, George had no allergies or disposition to any drinking problems. George had been suffering from COPD and GERD both of which are long term and chronic sickness. Therefore, the patient here needs to be put under a comprehensive care plan addressing the long terms health needs of the patient. Both GERD and COPD are overlapping diseases and could be related to the smoking addiction possessed by George. The present health condition of George could be related to the presence of relapse of the symptoms of GERD which might further trigger the condition of COPD in him. Self-management of chronic condition through health education In the present context, George Polaris is a 62-year-old man suffering from comorbid conditions of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Gastric Oesophageal Reflux Disorder (GORD). An assessment of the health habits of George the GP attending George found out that George has been a compulsive smoker. He has a habit of smoking at least 20 cigarettes a day, which can have profound effects on his present condition of health. Smoking damages the air sacs, airways and the lining of the lungs. Injured lungs often affect the breathing or respiration rate of the patient, thus severely disrupting the inhalation and the exhalation rate(Monteiro, 2015). On testing and analysis, the respiration rate of George has been found to be at 22 breaths per minute. However, the normal rates of respiration have been recorded at 22 breaths per minute for Mr George Polaris. This could be attributed to the presence of lung functioning disorder in the patient. Additionally, smoking can also have seve re impacts on the functioning of the stomach sphincter muscles which aids in digestion(Schwarzer, 2014). The nicotine contained in cigarettes has been found to have a profound effect on the process of digestion. The nicotine has been found to relax the sphincter muscles of the stomach which prevent reflux of the stomach acid and undigested food products back into the oesophagus. Additionally, eating spicy and sugar rich food has been found to aggravate the problem of indigestion and backflow of stomach acid into the oesophagus(Flodgren, 2015). Therefore, the patient needs to be provided with sufficient education about the health care practices and lifestyle changes which could bring about positive changes in the health of the patient. The patient should be provided with healthy alternatives by educating them about the health benefits of exercises. The addictive levels of smoking can culminate into more serious and lethal concerns such as lung cancer(Bauer, 2014). Reports and evidence have shown that of the 7000 chemicals found in smoking, 250 have been found to be harmful and 69 out of them can have more serious outcomes(Kennedy, 2013). However, as reported by sufficient research and findings smoking can trigger COPD or make situations of COPD even worse. Smoking could also be related to lowering the pressure on the sphincter muscle of the stomach. This aggravates the condition of acid reflux in people and the inhaled smoke had often been seen to produce severe consequences like stomach cancer. Therefore, the facts and the outcomes need to be presented to the patients in order to educate them sufficiently regarding the alternative and holistic life approaches which could be utilised for optimum health promotion(Kr use, 2015). Thus, the local hospitals could organise health care campaigns along with video presentation to educate the patients of the severe health implication of smoking. The support from a wide number of health care channels along with state and federal level government can help in meeting the health challenges faced in providing effective care and treatment services to care service users like George. Moreover, George had reportedly worked in a construction factory which means that he has repeated exposure to some of the heavy metals such as silica, asbestos, etc. These metals have been found to get deposited within the lungs on exposure above the threshold level. Thus, in a concentration higher than the threshold levels the chemicals have been found to cause severe respiratory disorders such as cirrhosis of the lungs(Dantic, 2014). Therefore, George needs to be educated about the precautionary measures which he could implement within his own workplace to prevent severe lung infection or aggravating conditions of the COPD. In this context, George could use an air pollution control mask in order to prevent the inhalation of the harmful chemicals. Moreover, he should be explained about the health benefits of sanitation and hygiene measures which could control the harm caused by such chemicals. Client education strategies A number of evidence based practices could be implemented in order to provide effective care and treatment plan to the ones receiving care for chronic and long term conditions. In this respect, the patient had been suffering from a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the registered nurse needs to implement a number of evidence based teaching methods in order to enlighten the care and support service users regarding the prevention and control method of chronic diseases. In this context, a participant group could be developed consisting of the patient receiving care services for COPD along with the doctors and other health care professionals(Ni, 2014). The setting of the promotional strategies could be on the local streets or markets, which are maximum crowd pullers. Thus, mass media campaign could be organised where effective pamphlets and posters could be designed educating the masses about the consequences of being addicted to tobacco. The campaigns should be de signed with an aim of providing additional knowledge and education to the community regarding the potential uses of tobacco(Stellefson, 2014). The intervention in this regard could be followed by quitline interventions where the patient suffering from tobacco addictions could be provided with evidence based behavioural and counselling support. The counselling sessions could be continued for a period of one or more months. Additionally, the involvement of the expert health professionals helps in providing additional levels of support. The management of the symptoms of GERD through sufficient health education is dependent upon the severity of the condition in the patient. The management of the GERD symptoms could be controlled by adopting two of the approaches such as the Step up approaches and Step-down approaches. The Step-up approaches basically begin with lifestyle changes where dietary measures could be taken in order to prevent the excessive formation of acid in the stomach. This may further prevent the reflux of the corrosive into the oesophagus. Therefore, the patient should be provided with sufficient information regarding various aspects of lifestyle management. The nurses, as well as the GP looking after the care concern of patients like George, need to provide the patient with proper guidelines regarding diet types, which need to be avoided for the management and control of GERD related symptoms. Report and evidence have suggested that lowering the amount segregated drinks and beverages along with cutti ng down on smoking can bring upon positive improvement in the conditions management of GERD(Pulvirenti, 2014). Evidence based practice focuses upon breaking down the meals into small amounts to be taken at regular intervals(Lou, 2015). Additionally, the patients should be provided with sufficient knowledge about Stepping down mechanism. The method mainly employs the pharmacological intervention for controlling the excess formation of acid in the stomach of the patient. The patient could be presented through sufficient knowledge by organising educational seminars regarding the use of acid blockers, which are over the counter available medications such as antacids ranitidine cimetidine, etc. These work by blocking the action of histamine which is responsible for pepsin and gastric juice secretion. Justification of the education strategies The health education strategies need to be designed as per the requirements of the patient. In this respect the patient, i.e. Goerge Polaris had been suffering from comorbid conditions of COPD as well as GERD. Further analysis of the condition of the patient had suggested that he had exposure to certain harmful metals in his construction factory. The patient had been a chain smoker and also possesses gastric reflux disorder. Therefore, educating the patient about the effects of the practices upon the health along with emphasising upon the implementation of light exercises in the daily schedule of the patient could help in reducing the dependency on nicotine and can serve as a healthy alternative. Additionally, the patient had a long history of GERD which further made his COPD worse. Therefore, the patient should be provided with immediate measures to help him stop smoking. Therefore, organising educational seminars and campaigns along with effective counselling and support could help in the management of the long term condition of the patient(Welsh, 2015). Conclusion The current assignment focuses on addressing the health challenges associated with long term care and management of illness which is chronic in nature. In the present context, the patient had been suffering from COPD and GERD. Thus, both the conditions require long term care management plans. However, on analysing the current health status of the patient one could evaluate that the patient lacked much information and sufficient knowledge about the management of his present health condition. Therefore, there is a need to educate the patients regarding self-managerial skills. Thus, educating the client in aspect of self-management often plays a pivotal role in the provision of sufficient autonomy to the support users. Additionally, the involvement of the family members of the support service users can help in the management of such chronic conditions. Therefore, educating the patients experiencing chronic illness patterns could be done with the help of the implementation of community d evelopment programs along with generation of more awareness in the patients regarding the complexity of a particular disease. Thus, presenting the patients with a surplus amount of information could help in providing with ample alternative options which could be used by them for better management of their health issues. In this respect, a number of strategies and options could be exercised in order to provide the required amount of information to the patient and his family. The information could be provided with the help of organising campaigns educating the masses regarding the benefits offered by healthy lifestyle options. Additionally, organising community development programs could help in generating positive and holistic lifestyle management initiatives. Bibliography Bauer, U. E. (2014). Prevention of chronic disease in the 21st century: elimination of the leading preventable causes of premature death and disability in the USA. The Lancet, 384(9937), , 45-52. Dantic, D. E. (2014). 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